labour market Archívum | Diplomátszerzek

Equal chances? Girls in higher education and beyond

We have mainly relied on data from the DPR (Graduate Career Tracking System), KSH (Hungarian Central Statistical Office) and Zyntern surveys and reports to examine the situation of sexes in education and labour market.

Money is the main factor

It is worth looking at the career prospects in different fields of training if only because money seems to be one of the main reasons to get a degree. In DPR’s 2018 survey, an overwhelming majority of respondents (75.52 per cent) cited better financial prospects as one of the reasons for applying to university.

War of sexes at campuses?

According to data for the academic year 2021/2022, 46 per cent of higher education students were male and 54 per cent were female. That means there are slightly more girls in the classes, but this proportion still could be seen as roughly even.

What is very striking, however, is the huge difference in the number of male and female students in each field of training. Girls are much more numerous in the field of education, arts, humanities, social sciences and health. Law, agriculture, economics and natural sciences are more evenly spread, while the proportion of boys is overwhelmingly high in engineering and IT.

After graduation

A glance at the KSH data on earnings shows that the average salary for women is lower than for men, and that the difference is 30 per cent for those in white-collar jobs (including graduate jobs). How is it possible that the slight predominance of girls in universities – where, in theory, we apply in the hope of better pay, among other things – does not manifest itself in equal pay?

The reasons could be varied. Students from the ‘girls’ fields of training listed above are more likely to find jobs in the public sector. They work even in positions that are not appropriate to their field of training, where they face lower salaries and even poorer career prospects than graduates working in the competitive sector. Jobs in business, IT and engineering continue to have the highest salaries, but far fewer women are pursuing careers in the latter two sectors.

Another problem may be that a survey of Zyntern shows that girls target lower salaries than boys, so that they start from a worse financial situation after a salary negotiation if they are hired.

Social sciences training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

Bachelor’s degree courses

  • philosophy, politics, economics
  • information technology librarianship
  • communication and media studies
  • cultural anthropology
  • major in international studies
  • political sciences
  • social work
  • social pedagogy
  • sociology

There are 9 bachelor’s degrees in social sciences. The highest average monthly gross salary is in

  • international studies (HUF 345,000) and 
  • political sciences (HUF 337,000)

in the 2019 survey. Depending on their field of study, students can choose between several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Ranking of institutions

Average starting salary after graduation is taken as a ranking indicator.

The average gross monthly income of social science graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is close to HUF 287,000, but there are significant differences between institutions. Only for full-time students, the highest salaries were paid to graduates of SZE, with a monthly salary of more than HUF 328,000. In terms of average gross monthly income, Corvinus is in second place with slightly more than HUF 313,000, while KRE is in third place with almost HUF 313,000. 

On average, 70 % of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 1.9 months of graduation. 68% of graduates find a graduate job, the highest rate among graduates from PTE (81%) and PPKE (80).

Around 21% of graduates decide to continue their studies after graduation while working, the highest rates being found in SZTE (27%) and Corvinus (26).

The top university

The average gross monthly income of graduates from SZE is nearly HUF 328,000, which puts the institution at the top of our ranking of training areas in terms of the expected graduate salary after graduation. A high proportion (73%) of graduates go on to graduate employment after graduation.

The average gross monthly income of Corvinus graduates is more than HUF 313,000, placing the university in second place in the ranking of training areas. Around two thirds of graduates find a graduate job after graduation. Corvinus is among the larger institutions in the social sciences field, with 294 graduates in 2017-18. Corvinus students complete an average of 6.3 active semesters of undergraduate studies in the social sciences.

The average gross monthly income of graduates of KRE is almost the same as that of Corvinus, at nearly HUF 313,000, which puts the institution in third place in the ranking of training areas. After graduation, 57% of graduates find a job as a graduate. On average, KRE students complete their bachelor’s degree in social sciences in 6.1 active semesters (KRE has the lowest average of our ranking).

Labour market situation of graduates in social sciences

A high proportion of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in social sciences, almost 10%, have studied abroad (e.g. under Erasmus) during their studies. During their training (before graduation), about half of the students had a professional job and 67% a non-professional job. 

After graduation, around 53% of graduates settle and/or continue their studies in Budapest or County Pest. After completing their initial training, they tend to find employment in the private sector (67% of graduates), 21% in the public sector and around 12% in non-profit or other employment. 

A high proportion of graduates in the field are employed in the labour market (87%). Overall, graduates in social sciences are satisfied with their jobs (87%).

 

Sports science training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

Bachelor’s degree courses:

  • coaching 
  • recreation and lifestyle
  • sports management

In the field of sports science, there are 3 bachelor’s degrees to choose from. The highest average monthly gross salary in terms of average monthly gross income is in

  • sports management course (HUF 287,000) and 
  • recreation management and health promotion (HUF 248,000)

in the 2019 survey. Depending on the subject, those interested in the field of study can choose between several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Ranking of institutions

Average starting salary after graduation is taken as a ranking indicator.

The average gross monthly income of sports science graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is close to HUF 256,000, but there are significant differences between institutions. For full-time students only, the highest salaries were those of EKKE graduates, with a monthly gross salary of more than HUF 316,000. In terms of average gross monthly income, SZE is in second place with HUF 270,000, while ELTE is in third place with HUF 269,000. 

On average, 76% of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 1.9 months of graduation. 53% of graduates find a graduate job, the highest proportion among graduates from TE (71%) and DE (63%).

Around 20% of graduates choose to continue their studies in employment after graduation, the highest proportion among TE (30%) and DE (27%) graduates.

Top 3 universities

The average gross monthly income of EKKE graduates is close to HUF 316,000, which puts the institution at the top of our education area rankings for post-graduate earnings. Graduates are in employment in a little less than two months after graduation, but the proportion of graduates in employment is low (51%) compared to other fields of study. On average, EKKE students complete their bachelor’s degree in more than 8 active semesters.

The average gross monthly income of graduates from SZE is close to HUF 270,000, putting the university in second place in the ranking of training areas. After graduation, graduates are already employed in a little less than two months, with 41% of graduates in graduate jobs. On average, graduates from SZE complete their bachelor’s degree in almost 7 active semesters.

The average gross monthly income of ELTE graduates is close to HUF 269,000, putting the institution in third place in the ranking of education areas. Graduates are in employment within about 1.7 months after graduation, with 59% of them in graduate jobs. In the field of sports science, ELTE is one of the larger institutions, with 128 graduates in 2017-18.

The labour market situation of graduates in sports science

A high proportion of sport science graduates with a bachelor’s degree, nearly 10%, have studied abroad (e.g. under Erasmus) during their studies. During the training (before graduation), about half of the students had a professional job and 71% a nonprofessional job. 

After graduation, around 29% of graduates settle and/or continue their studies in Budapest or County Pest. After completing their initial training, they typically find employment in the private sector (67% of graduates), 12% in the public sector and around 21% in non-profit or other employment. 

There is a high proportion of graduates in the field who are employed in the labour market (85%). Overall, graduates in sport science are satisfied with their jobs (67%), but this is lower than in many other fields.

 

Teacher training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

Bachelor’s degree courses

  • infant and toddler care
  • special needs education
  • specialist teaching profession
  • pre-school teacher
  • specialised teacher training
  • teaching profession

Unbranched Master’s degree

  • unbranched teacher training course

The teacher education programme offers 6 bachelor’s degrees and one master’s degree. The highest average monthly gross salary is in

  • unbranched teacher training (HUF 262,000) and 
  • specialist teaching profession (HUF 248,000)

in 2019. Depending on the subject, those interested in the field of training can choose between several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Ranking of institutions

Average starting salary after graduation is taken as a ranking indicator.

The average gross monthly income for teacher education graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is around HUF 229,000, but there are differences between institutions. For full-time students only, the highest salaries were paid to ME graduates, who earned more than HUF 279,000 per month. In terms of average gross monthly income, SE came second with almost HUF 248,000, while GFE came third with HUF 243,000. 

88% of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 1.7 months of graduation on average. More than 88% of graduates find a graduate job.

14 % of graduates with bachelor’s degrees decide to continue their studies after graduation, the highest rates being found in the SZE (24 %), EKKE (18 %) and ELTE (17 %).

Top 3 universities

The average gross monthly income of ME graduates is close to HUF 279,000, which puts the institution at the top of our education area rankings for the expected graduate salary after graduation. The proportion of graduates in graduate jobs is high (91%) and it should be noted that ME graduates typically do not continue their studies after graduation.

The average gross monthly income of SE graduates is close to HUF 248,000, putting the university in second place in the ranking of education areas. SE also has a high proportion of graduates in graduate jobs (90%), but unlike ME, 10% of SE graduates choose to continue their studies even after they start working.

The average gross monthly income of GFE graduates is close to HUF 243,000, putting the institution in third place in the ranking of education areas. GFE students complete a bachelor’s degree in teacher education in an average of 6.7 active months. After graduation, 89% of graduates have a graduate job.

Labour market situation of graduates in teacher education

Only 7 % of teacher education graduates with a bachelor’s degree in teacher education have studied abroad (e.g. under Erasmus) during their training. During the training (before graduation), about half of the students had a professional job and 60% had a nonprofessional job. 

After graduation, a high proportion of graduates, around one third, settle and/or continue their studies in Budapest or County Pest. After completing their bachelor’s degree, also due to the nature of their studies, they tend to find a job in the public sector (68% of graduates), 16% in the private sector and around 16% in non-profit or other employment. The proportion of graduates in the field of education who are present in the labour market as employees is high (9%). Overall, graduates in teacher education are satisfied with their work (82%).

Medical and health sciences training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

Bachelor’s degree courses

  • nursing and patient care
  • digital dental planning
  • health care and prevention
  • health care organisation
  • medical diagnostic analysis

Unbranched Master’s degree

  • general medicine
  • dentistry
  • pharmaceutics

In the field of medicine and health sciences, there are 5 bachelor’s degrees and 3 master’s degrees. The highest average monthly gross salary in terms of gross monthly income is in

  • pharmaceutics (HUF 467,000) and 
  • general medicine (HUF 443,000)

however, it is important to note that these figures were compiled before the large-scale wage adjustment of state-employed doctors, and include data from both the public and the private sectors. Depending on their field of study, those interested in a particular field of training can choose between several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Ranking of institutions

Average starting salary after graduation is taken as a ranking indicator.

The average gross monthly income of medical and health science graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is close to HUF 364,000, but there are significant differences between institutions. In terms of full-time graduates alone, the highest salaries were for SE graduates, with a monthly gross salary of more than HUF 395,000. In terms of average monthly gross starting salary, SZTE is in second place with nearly HUF 392,000, while DE is in third place with HUF 358,000.

On average, 87% of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 2 months after graduation. 82% of graduates manage to find a graduate job, the highest rate among graduates from SE, SZTE and PTE.

Around 13% of graduates choose to continue their studies in employment after graduation, the highest rates in ME (18%), GFE (15) and DE (13).

The top 3 universities

The average gross monthly income of SE graduates is close to HUF 395,000, which puts the institution at the top of our education area rankings for the expected graduate salary after graduation. A little less than two months after graduation, graduates are employed and 92% of them are in graduate jobs. SE is the largest training institution in the field of medicine and health sciences (including also the number of graduates), with 957 graduates in 2017-18. On average, SE students complete their undergraduate studies in more than eight active semesters.

The average gross monthly income of graduates from SZTE is nearly HUF 392,000, which puts the university in second place in the ranking of education areas. After graduation, graduates are employed in a little less than two months and 95% of them are in graduate jobs. SZTE is among the larger institutions in the field of medicine and health sciences, with 448 graduates in the 2017-18 academic year. Out of the seven institutions in our ranking, SZTE students complete their undergraduate studies in the fewest number of active semesters (8.1 semesters).

The average gross monthly income of DE graduates is nearly HUF 358 000, which puts the institution in third place in the ranking by education area. Graduates are employed within about two and a half months of graduation, and 87% of them are in graduate jobs. DE is also one of the larger training institutions in the field of medicine and health sciences, with 629 graduates in the 2017-18 academic year.

Labour market situation of graduates in medicine and health sciences

Only 4 % of graduates in basic medical and health sciences have studied abroad (e.g. under Erasmus) during their training. During training (before graduation), about half of the students had a professional job and almost 60% a nonprofessional one. 

After graduation, around 26% of graduates settle and/or continue their studies in Budapest or County Pest. After completing their bachelor’s degree, they tend to find employment in the public sector (56% of graduates), 33% in the private sector and around 11% in non-profit or other employment. The proportion of graduates in the field of training who are in the labour market as employees is high (90%). Overall, graduates in the field of medicine and health sciences are satisfied with their work (87%).

 

Technical training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

Bachelor’s degree courses:

  • materials engineering
  • bioengineering
  • safety engineering
  • biomedical engineering – safety engineering – energy engineering
  • architectural Engineering
  • civil engineering
  • wood engineering
  • mechanical engineering
  • industrial product and design engineering
  • vehicle operation engineering
  • automotive engineering
  • light industrial engineering
  • environmental engineering
  • transport engineering
  • logistics engineering
  • mechatronics engineering
  • molecular bionics engineering
  • technical earth sciences
  • engineering management
  • aeronautical engineering
  • test engineering
  • fire protection engineering
  • chemical engineering
  • electrical engineering
  • electrical engineering
  • water management engineering

Unbranched master’s degree

  • architecture

Within the technical field, there are 26 bachelor’s degrees and 1 master’s degree. The highest average monthly gross salary is in

  • automotive engineering (HUF 512,000) and
  • electrical engineering (HUF 492,000 )

based on 2019 data. Depending on the subject, those interested in the field of study can choose from several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Photo: 123RF

Institutional ranking

Average salary after graduation is taken as the ranking indicator.

Average gross monthly income of technical graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is close to HUF 428,000, but there are significant differences between institutions. Looking only at full-time students, the highest salaries were paid to BME graduates, who earned more than HUF 461,000 per month. In terms of average gross monthly income, SZE came second with nearly HUF 459,000, while ELTE came third with HUF 443,000. 

On average, 81% of graduates in a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 1.6 months after graduation. 88% of them manage to find a graduate job, and four institutions (PE, PPKE, PTE, SOE) have a very high rate of over 90%, while all graduates of NKE have a graduate job. 

Around 31% of people in initial education and training decide to continue their studies after graduation. This is most common for graduates from NKE (56%), ME (45) and PPKE(40).

Top 3 universities 

The average gross monthly income of BME graduates is nearly HUF 462,000, putting the institution at the top of our ranking of education areas in terms of expected graduate salaries after graduation. A very high proportion of students (89%) go on to graduate work after graduation. In terms of student numbers, BME is the most significant point in the engineering field, with 1 834 students graduating in the period under review.

The average gross monthly income of graduates from SZE was HUF 459,000, putting the university in second place in the ranking of education areas. A very high proportion of graduates (72%) have a graduate job. On average, graduates are also in work within 1.1 months of graduation, with a very high proportion (86%) in graduate jobs.

The average gross monthly income of graduates from ELTE is close to HUF 443,000, putting the institution in third place in the ranking of education areas. After graduation, a high proportion of graduates (86%) have a graduate job. 

Labour market situation of graduates in technical education

A relatively high proportion of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in engineering have studied abroad (e.g. under Erasmus) during their studies: 6%. During the training (before graduation), 64% of students had a professional job and about the same proportion of students (67%) who (also) did a non-professional job. 

After graduation, graduates mainly find a job and/or continue their studies in Budapest (35%) or County Pest (11). After finishing their bachelor’s degree, 93% start working in the private sector, with only around 5% of graduates taking a job in the public sector and 2% in non-profit or other employment. The proportion of graduates in the field of education who are employed in the labour market is high (92%). Overall, graduates in technical education are generally satisfied with their jobs (83%).

 

Legal training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

Bachelor’s degree courses

  • degree in judicial administration
  • Human Resources, Labour and Social Administration

Master’s Degree

  • Bachelor of Law

In the field of law, there are 2 bachelor’s degrees and only 1 master’s degree. The highest average monthly gross salary in terms of expected gross monthly income in 2019 is in

  • Bachelor of Law (HUF 307,000), and
  • Labour and Social Security Administration (HUF 281 000).

(Of course, salaries have increased since then, but our rankings still show the differences between institutions; we will update the figures as soon as we get fresh official data – editor.) Depending on their field of study, graduates can choose between several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Photo: 123RF

Ranking of institutions

The average salary after graduation is taken as a ranking indicator.


The average gross monthly income of law graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is close to HUF 300,000, but there is a significant difference between institutions. For full-time students only, the highest salaries were those of KRE graduates, with a monthly salary of more than HUF 373,000. In terms of average gross monthly income, ELTE came second with almost 334,000 HUF, while PTE came third with 309,000 HUF. 

On average, 74% of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 2.5 months of graduation. Fifty-six per cent of them succeed in finding a graduate job – this is mostly the case for former students from the top three institutions in our ranking. Around a quarter of those in initial training decide to continue their studies even when employed after graduation.

The top 3 universities

The average gross monthly income of graduates from KRE was nearly HUF 373,000, putting the institution at the top of our ranking of training areas in terms of the expected graduate salary after graduation. A very high proportion (89%) of graduates go on to graduate employment after graduation. In the field of law, KRE is not one of the larger training institutions in terms of the number of graduates, with 49 graduates in the period under review. 

The average gross monthly income of ELTE graduates was 334 thousand forints, slightly below the top ranked institution, placing the university in second place in the ranking of training areas. Of the institutions in our list for the legal field, ELTE graduates have the highest proportion (97%) of graduate jobs. In terms of the number of graduates in the period under review, ELTE is the second largest training institution, with 277 graduates in the 2017/18 academic year.

The average gross monthly income of graduates from PTE was nearly HUF 309,000, placing it third in the ranking of training areas. After graduation, a high proportion of graduates (91%) go on to graduate jobs. 

Labour market situation of law graduates

Just under 2 % of law graduates have studied abroad (e.g. through Erasmus) during their studies, although this low proportion is mainly due to the specificities of the field. Almost half of the students have had a professional job during their studies (before graduation), and a similar proportion (55 %) have (also) had a non-professional job before graduation.

After graduation, the graduates in the survey were most likely to have found a job and/or continued their studies in County Hajdú-Bihar (14%), Budapest (13%) or County Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén (11%). After their initial training, around 60% of recent graduates start working in the private sector and 35% in the public sector, while only around 5% of graduates take a job in a non-profit employer. 

The proportion of graduates in the field of education who are present as employees in the labour market is high (85%). Overall, graduates in the field of law are generally dissatisfied with their jobs (75%).

 

Natural sciences training

This article was published in the UNI 2022 summer edition.

 

Bachelor’s degree courses:

  •     biology
  •     biotechnology
  •     physics
  •     geography
  •     earth sciences
  •     chemistry
  •     environmental sciences
  •     mathematics

In the field of natural sciences, there are 8 bachelor’s degrees to choose from. Graduates can expect the highest average monthly gross salary in 

  • physics (HUF 408,000) and 
  • chemistry (HUF 361,000)

in the 2019 survey. Depending on their field of study, students can choose between several higher education institutions, including those in the capital and in rural areas.

Ranking of institutions

Average starting salary after graduation is taken as a ranking indicator.

The average gross monthly income of science graduates in the 2017/18 academic year (based on 2019 data) is close to HUF 290,000, but there are differences between institutions. Looking only at full-time students, the highest salary was for graduates of ELTE, with a monthly gross salary of HUF 326,000. In terms of average gross monthly income, PTE is in second place with HUF 305 thousand, while SZTE is in third place with almost HUF 269,000. 

On average, 54 per cent of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in a field of study start working within 2.2 months of graduation. Nearly two thirds of graduates find a graduate job, the highest rates in the EKKE (100 per cent) and ELTE (79 per cent).

Around a quarter of graduates decide to continue their studies in employment after graduation, the highest rates in ELTE (29 per cent) and EKKE (25 per cent).

The top 3 universities

The average gross monthly income of ELTE graduates is HUF 326,000, which puts the institution at the top of our ranking of training areas in terms of the expected graduate salary after graduation. Within two months of graduation, graduates are already employed, with 79 per cent of them in graduate jobs. ELTE is the largest in the field of science (including in terms of the number of graduates), with 445 graduates in 2017-18. On average, ELTE students complete their bachelor’s degree in 7.7 active semesters.

The average gross monthly income of PTE graduates is HUF 305,000, which puts the university in second place in the ranking of training areas. On average, graduates are employed within 2.3 months of graduation, with 66 per cent of them finding a graduate job. 

The average gross monthly income of SZTE graduates is close to HUF 269,000, making the institution the third best in its field. Graduates are in employment within about 2.2 months after graduation, and 71 per cent of them succeed in finding a graduate job. In the field of natural sciences, SZTE is one of the larger institutions, with 242 graduates in the 2017-18 academic year.

Labour market situation of science graduates

A low proportion of graduates with a bachelor’s degree in science, only 4 per cent, studied abroad (e.g. under Erasmus) during their studies. During their training (before graduation), around 40 per cent of students had a professional job and around 60 per cent a nonprofessional job. 

After graduation, around 37 per cent of graduates settle and/or continue their studies in Budapest or County Pest . After completing their bachelor’s degree, they typically find employment in the private sector (72 per cent of graduates), 22 per cent in the public sector and around 6 per cent in non-profit or other employment. 

The proportion of graduates in the field who are employed in the labour market is high (87 per cent). Overall, graduates in science are satisfied with their jobs (67 per cent), but this is lower than in other fields.

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